Qwen2.5 72B Instruct

Crowdsourced pairwise human preference rankings of LLM responses. Higher Elo means more frequently preferred by users.

Harder version of MMLU testing knowledge across 57 academic subjects; reduces guessing-friendly answers.

Graduate-level Google-proof Q&A in physics, chemistry, and biology. Diamond subset is the hardest tier with PhD-validated answers.

500 high-school competition math problems requiring multi-step solutions. Scored on final-answer correctness.

American Invitational Mathematics Examination 2024 problems. Three-digit integer answers; very hard for non-reasoning models.

AIME-style competition problems written specifically for the OTIS mock contest, then run as an evaluation by Epoch AI. Closer in spirit to the public AIME but with novel problems unlikely to appear in training data.

164 hand-written Python programming problems scored by passing unit tests. Saturated for frontier models.

Verifiable instruction-following benchmark; 25 categories of strict formatting / structural directives.

Long-context retrieval and reasoning suite. We report the 128k token effective-context score.

Median output speed in tokens per second over the last 14 days on the model maker's own API, measured nightly with a fixed ~800-token prompt and ~250-token answer. Models not yet probed fall back to a dated manual figure. Higher is faster.

Median time from request to first streamed token in milliseconds over the last 14 days on the model maker's own API, using the same nightly probe prompt. Lower is snappier; reasoning models are penalised here because they think before talking.